CentOS MySql 安装

##YUM源安装

Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository
Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries
或者使用MariaDB Database替代MySQL（是MySQL的完整分支）
http://www.jianshu.com/p/15a1659bc38d
http://www.bkjia.com/Mysql/1115394.html

卸载mariadb

rpm -qa | grep mariadb # 是否安装了mariadb
rpm -e mariadb-libs # 卸载
# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs ## 强力卸载，忽略依赖
yum install vim libaio net-tools # 安装mysql依赖，可先检查是否安装了依赖

下载rpm包

一般的yum源中可能没有mysql的rpm，故需要先下载mysql的repo源

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

安装源

下面命令将 MySQL 的 Yum repository 添加到系统的仓库列表之中，并下载 GnuPG key 来检查软件包的完整性（integrity）（可以用yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"检查）

sudo yum rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

查看子仓库，选择发行版

[houzw@MiWiFi-R1CM softwares]$ yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community        启用:     24
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sour 禁用
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community             启用:     38
mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source    禁用
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64        MySQL Tools Preview               禁用
mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source      禁用
mysql55-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.5 Community Server        禁用
mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sour 禁用
mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server        禁用
mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sour 禁用
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server        启用:    146
mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sour 禁用
mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server        禁用
mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sour 禁用

安装最新发行版时，不需要任何的配置。如果要安装其他版本，必须禁用最新版本，启用相应的版本

> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql56-community

或者手动编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo 文件

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

如果想安装5.6

# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1 # 启用 。 设置5.7 的enabled=0 表示不启用5.7
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

查看启用的版本

yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

安装mysql-server

sudo yum install mysql-server

然后会进行下载安装相应的软件

mysql-community-server         x86_64         5.7.16-1.el7          mysql57-community    
# 为依赖而安装:
mysql-community-client         x86_64         5.7.16-1.el7          mysql57-community
mysql-community-common         x86_64         5.7.16-1.el7          mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs

RPM二进制包安装

安装参考：
官方：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html
博客（主要参考）：
linux 下安装mysql-5.7.16-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle
CentOS6.6-64下rpm方式mysql-5.7.12安装实录

下载

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

解压

tar -xf mysql-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

得到一系列安装包

mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

依次安装(官方说要安装依赖，不过一般都已经有了 yum install libaio)

sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装后可以查看

rpm -qa | grep mysql

MySQL使用

启动mysql

$ sudo service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service

启动后查看日志获取随机密码

sudo cat /var/log/mysqld.log | more或grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log直接在文件中查找

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: h4aci)6GVpxw

停止：sudo service mysqld stop
重启：sudo service mysqld restart

登录mysql，修改初始密码

mysql -uroot -p

然后修改密码(注意：新密码必须包含有数字，大写字母，小写字母，特殊符号，否则报错，不能修改)

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'newpassword';
mysql> flush privileges;

或者mysql> set password= PASSWORD("newpassword");修改当前用户密码，加密保存

打开3306端口

/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

或使用firewall-cmd命令

若 FirewallD is not running可以执行 systemctl start firewalld 开启防火墙。

开启端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

MySQL管理

查看用户

mysql> select distinct concat('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') as usr from mysql.user;

查看数据库中具体某个用户的权限

mysql> show grants for ['cactiuser'@'%'](mailto:'cactiuser'@'%');

查看user表结构　需要具体的项可结合表结构来查询

mysql> desc mysql.user;

修改密码（不用登录mysql）

mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码

修改密码（登录mysql之后）

mysql> update user set password=password(“newpwd”) where user=’root’;// 修改密码
mysql> flush privileges; //刷新数据库

创建用户，用%可以代表任意主机，也可以用all privileges代表所有权限。

mysql> grant all privileges on 数据库.* to '用户名'@'登录主机' identified by '密码';

语法：GRANT privileges ON databasename.tablename TO 'username'@'host';

其中，host可以是localhost或%（任意ip）或具体的ip地址

或者

mysql> CREATE USER 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'username'@'host' = PASSWORD('newpassword'); --修改密码，加密保存
       --如果是当前登陆用户用 SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD("newpassword");

修改root可以在其他地址登录

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '<pw>';

或使用

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;

忘记密码时，可用如下方法重置（未测试）

service mysqld stop
mysqld_safe --user=root --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
mysql -u root 
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=password("new_password") where user="root"; 
mysql> flush privileges;

本文标题:CentOS MySql 安装

文章作者:侯志伟 - houzhiwei

发布时间:2018-05-25, 17:30:02

最后更新:2018-05-25, 17:38:11

原始链接:houzw.github.io.git/2018/05/25/CentOS-MySql-安装/

许可协议: "署名-非商用-相同方式共享 4.0" 转载请保留原文链接及作者。